전치사 by

By ~ 까지(완료)

 

by seven

by april

by that time

by this week

by this month

by this year

by next month

by 2011

by today

by next month

 

until ( 계속적인 ~)

Stay here until seven

 

by ~ (장소) 옆에

by me

by chair

by the river

by the hospital

by me

by the bench

by my house

by him

by her

 

 

next to ~ 옆에 (순서, 위치 등 by보다 더 포괄적인 의미)

 

주체 (~에 의해)

by the people(국민에 의한)

by some people

by Shakespeare

by him

by bell (벨에 의해서)

by the goverment

 

수단 ~ 로

by bus

by taxi

by subway

by credit card

by cash , in cash

by letter 편지로~

by fax

by email

by 1 inch

by 3 Cm

by a head (머리하나 만큼)

increase/decrease by 5  percent

by 20 student

 

You gotta finish it by three o'clock

It is by the window

I will pay by cash

I will pay by credit card

 

You can cut it by one inch

You can cut it by ten inches